Bargain and sale deed

The bargain-and-sale deed is the standard conveyance instrument of New York practice, typically given with covenants against the grantor's own acts: the grantor promises not to have encumbered the property themselves, while making no warranty about defects arising before their ownership. It sits between the quitclaim's no-promises transfer and the full warranty deed's broad guarantees — sufficient for ordinary transactions where title insurance, not deed covenants, carries the real assurance.

For records reading, the form is context rather than alarm: its prevalence means the deed's promises were never the buyer's protection in New York. The title search and policy behind the closing did the work the covenants do not.